Concept, History and Development of New Energy Vehicles
According to Order No. 39 of 2017 of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, new energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use new power systems and are completely or mainly driven by new energy. New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid (including extended-range) vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hydrogen engine vehicles, etc.
New energy vehicles include {electric vehicles, and new fuel vehicles}
Electric vehicles {pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid (including extended-range) vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, gas fuel vehicles, biofuel vehicles, hydrogen fuel vehicles}
New fuel vehicles {gas fuel vehicles, biofuel vehicles, hydrogen fuel vehicles}
An electric vehicle is a vehicle that is powered by electricity. In a broad sense, electric vehicles include hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) that use batteries as auxiliary power sources, pure electric vehicles (BEV) and extended-range electric vehicles (REEV) that use batteries as power sources, and fuel cell vehicles (FCEV). In a narrow sense, electric vehicles include BEV and PHEV which must use electricity to charge the battery directly.
A pure electric vehicle BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) refers to a vehicle that is only equipped with a power battery and driven by an electric motor; a hybrid electric vehicle HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) refers to a vehicle that has at least two power sources, and uses one or more of these power sources to provide part or all of the electric power; a fuel cell vehicle (FCEV) is a vehicle that uses electricity generated by an on-board fuel cell device as power.
| Abbreviation | Model | |
| Hybrid Electric Vehicle | HEV | Toyota Prius |
| Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle | PHEV | BYD Qin Plus |
| Battery Electric Vehicle | BEV | Tesla Model 3 |
| Range Extended Electric Vehicle | REEV | Li L9 |
| Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle | FCEV | Toyota Mirai |
The electric motor used to drive electric vehicles is required to be able to start, stop, accelerate, and decelerate frequently, output large torque at low speed or climbing, and run at constant power at high speed. The ideal operating characteristic curve of the electric vehicle drive motor is shown in Figure 1.1-4.
For permanent magnet synchronous motors, when the speed is lower than the rated speed, the stator-rated current and the rotor permanent magnet flux work together to produce the rated electromagnetic torque, and the motor terminal voltage and output power increase linearly with the increase of the speed; when the motor speed is greater than the rated speed, it is necessary to weaken the flux generated by the permanent magnet to maintain the balance of the motor terminal voltage during high-speed operation, so as to achieve the purpose of weak magnetic expansion. At the same time, the motor runs in a constant power state.
In 1834, American Thomas Davenport built the first electric car driven by a DC motor. However, the first electric car that was officially recognized was born in 1881. The inventor was French engineer Gustave Trouvé. It was a three-wheeled vehicle powered by lead-acid batteries, which was 4 years earlier than Karl Benz invented the car in 1885.
In the 21st century, Elon Musk’s Tesla began to enter the electric car stage. It can be said that Tesla opened a new era of electric cars.
